Active & Passive Voice
Active Voice
Active Voice แปลว่า “กัตตุวาจก” หมายถึง “คำกล่าวหรือประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้กระทำหรือแสดงกริยาโดยตรง” เช่น :-
He punished a boy. เขาทำโทษเด็กชายคนหนึ่ง
Mary eats a mango. แมรี่รับประทานมะม่วง
I shall write a letter. ผมจะเขียนจดหมาย
ดังนั้นเราจะสามารถสรุปโครงสร้างของประโยค Active Voice ได้ดังนี้
Subject + Verb
Passive Voice คือ ประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำ ตัวอย่างเช่น
The book was written by me.
I was punished by the teacher.
ดังนั้นเราจะสามารถสรุปโครงสร้างของประโยค Passive Voice ได้ดังนี้
Subject + Verb to be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)
การเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice
ในการเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice มีหลักให้สังเกตุโดยละเอียดดังนี้
ใน Tense ต่างๆ
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Pretense Simple - The teacher punishes the boy. - Do you always laugh at him? |
is , am, are + V3 - The boy is punished by the teacher. - Is he always laughed at by you? |
| 2. Present Continuous - The painters are painting our house. - Are the students doing the exercises? |
is, am, are + being + V3 - Our house is being painted by the painters. - Are the exercises being done by the students? |
| 3. Present Perfect - They have built a new hotel. |
has, have + been + V3 - A new hotel has been built by them. |
| * Present Perfect Continuous - Trenton Company has been making bikes since 1960. |
has,have + been + being +V3 - Bikes have been being made by Trenton Company since 1960. |
| 4. Past Simple - My sister wrote a letter. - Did the servant polish Tom's shoes? |
was , were + V3 - A letter was written by my sister. - Were Tom's shoes polished by the servant? |
| 5. Past Continuous - While John was introducing me, the telephone rang. - Weren't they digging this hole when you went past yesterday? |
was , were + being + V3 -While I was being introducing by John, the telephone rang. - Wasn't this hole being dug by them when you went past yesterday? |
| 6. Past Perfect - The guests had eaten all the food. - Had he seen you before? |
had + been + V3 - All the food had been eaten by the guests. - Had you been seen by him before? |
| * Past Perfect Continuous - Mr. Trevor had been teaching English in Jamaica for many years before he moved to Thailand. |
had + been + being + V3 - English had been being taught by Mr.Trevor in Jamaica for many years before he moved to Thailand. |
| 7. Future Simple - His mother will beat him if he does that again. - Will Mary invite Jack to her party? |
will + be + V3 - He will be beaten by his mother if he does that again. - Will Jack be invited by Mary to her party? |
| 8. "going to" future - They are going to widen the bridge. - Is she going to open the shop? |
is,am, are +going to + be + V3 - The bridge is going to be widened by them. - Is the shop going to be opened ? |
| 9. Future Continuous - They will be mowing the grass at two o'clock tomorrow. |
will be + being + V3 - The grass will be being mown at two o'clock tomorrow by them. |
| 10. Future Perfect - By next March the pupils will have taken the examination. |
will have + been + V3 - By next March the examination will have been taken by the pupils. |
| **Future perfect Continuous - By next year they'll have been building that road for a year. |
will have been being + V3 - By next year that road will have been being built by them for a year. |
ในรูปกิริยาต่างๆคือ
| verb form | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Infinitive | to write | to be written |
| Perfect Infinitive | to have written | to have been written |
| Present Participle | writing | being written |
| Past Participle | written | been written |
1. Intransitive Verb คือคำกริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรม เช่น
- They go to school every day.
- She swims wuite well.
2. Transitive Verb บางคำ เช่น
- Dang had his breakfast. (His breakfast was had by Dang. = wrong)
3. Verb of Incomplete คือกริยาซึ่งไม่สมบูรณ์ เช่น
- She became queen.
(A queen was become by her. = wrong เพราะ queen ในประโยคแรกเป็น complement ไม่ใช่ object)
