Active and Passive Voice

Active & Passive Voice

Active Voice

Active Voice แปลว่า “กัตตุวาจก” หมายถึง “คำกล่าวหรือประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้กระทำหรือแสดงกริยาโดยตรง” เช่น :-

He punished a boy. เขาทำโทษเด็กชายคนหนึ่ง

Mary eats a mango. แมรี่รับประทานมะม่วง

I shall write a letter. ผมจะเขียนจดหมาย

ดังนั้นเราจะสามารถสรุปโครงสร้างของประโยค Active Voice ได้ดังนี้

Subject + Verb

Passive Voice คือ ประโยคที่ประธานเป็นผู้ถูกกระทำ ตัวอย่างเช่น

The book was written by me.

I was punished by the teacher.

ดังนั้นเราจะสามารถสรุปโครงสร้างของประโยค Passive Voice ได้ดังนี้

Subject + Verb to be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)

การเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice

ในการเปลี่ยน Active Voice ให้เป็น Passive Voice มีหลักให้สังเกตุโดยละเอียดดังนี้

ใน Tense ต่างๆ

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Pretense Simple - The teacher punishes the boy. - Do you always laugh at him?	is , am, are + V3 - The boy *is punished* by the teacher. - Is he always *laughed* at by you?
2. Present Continuous - The painters are painting our house. - Are the students doing the exercises?	is, am, are + being + V3 - Our house is being painted by the painters. - *Are* the exercises being done by the students?
3. Present Perfect - They have built a new hotel.	has, have + been + V3 - A new hotel *has been built* by them.
* Present Perfect Continuous - Trenton Company has been making bikes since 1960.	has,have + been + being +V3 - Bikes have been being made by Trenton Company since 1960.
4. Past Simple - My sister wrote a letter. - Did the servant polish Tom's shoes?	was , were + V3 - A letter *was written* by my sister. - *Were* Tom's shoes *polished* by the servant?
5. Past Continuous - While John was introducing me, the telephone rang. - Weren't they digging this hole when you went past yesterday?	was , were + being + V3 -While I *was being introducing* by John, the telephone rang. - *Wasn't* this hole *being dug* by them when you went past yesterday?
6. Past Perfect - The guests had eaten all the food. - Had he seen you before?	had + been + V3 - All the food *had been eaten* by the guests. - *Had* you been seen by him before?
* Past Perfect Continuous - Mr. Trevor had been teaching English in Jamaica for many years before he moved to Thailand.	had + been + being + V3 - English had been being taught by Mr.Trevor in Jamaica for many years before he moved to Thailand.
7. Future Simple - His mother will beat him if he does that again. - Will Mary invite Jack to her party?	will + be + V3 - He *will be beaten* by his mother if he does that again. - *Will* Jack *be invited* by Mary to her party?
8. "going to" future - They are going to widen the bridge. - Is she going to open the shop?	is,am, are +going to + be + V3 - The bridge *is going to be widened* by them. - Is the shop going to be opened ?
9. Future Continuous - They will be mowing the grass at two o'clock tomorrow.	will be + being + V3 - The grass *will be being mown* at two o'clock tomorrow by them.
10. Future Perfect - By next March the pupils will have taken the examination.	will have + been + V3 - By next March the examination *will have been taken* by the pupils.
**Future perfect Continuous - By next year they'll have been building that road for a year.	will have been being + V3 - By next year that road *will have been being built* by them for a year.

ในรูปกิริยาต่างๆคือ

verb form	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Infinitive	to write	to be written
Perfect Infinitive	to have written	to have been written
Present Participle	writing	being written
Past Participle	written	been written

**คำที่ไม่สามารถทำให้เป็นประโยค Passive Voice ได้

1. Intransitive Verb คือคำกริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรม เช่น

- They go to school every day.

- She swims wuite well.

2. Transitive Verb บางคำ เช่น

- Dang had his breakfast. (His breakfast was had by Dang. = wrong)

3. Verb of Incomplete คือกริยาซึ่งไม่สมบูรณ์ เช่น

- She became queen.

(A queen was become by her. = wrong เพราะ queen ในประโยคแรกเป็น complement ไม่ใช่ object)

แบบทดสอบเรื่อง Active และ Passive Voice

1.Detroit ___ Motown in the past.

a. was called b. is called c. called d. is calling

2.Detroit ___ as the first capital city of Michigan, but now Lansing is the capital city of Michigan.

a. chosen b. was chosen c. have been chosen d. were chosen

3.The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it ___ in Ann Arbor.

a. located b. location c. is located d. are located

4.In the year 2003, Western Michigan University located in Kalamazoo, Michigan ___ with the opportunity of being one hundred years old.

a. will be celebrating b. will have a celebration c. will have been celebrated d. will being celebrated

5.The five great lakes of the world ___ in Michigan.

a. can find b. can be found c. can found d. could find

6.The University of Michigan and Michigan State University are famous for their football teams. ___ of them are ranked highly in the United States.

a. Both b. Among c. Neither d. All

7.Michigan has three big lakes. They are Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie. ___ of them have wonderful scenery in the Fall.
a. Both b. Neither c. All d. among

8.You ___ more careful when you go to Detroit at night because there a lots of drive-by shootings.
a. might be b. must be c. may be d. should be

9.You ___ winter clothes to visit the state of Michigan in December because the weather is so cold.

a. should bring b. would bring c. could bring d. bring

10.You ___ cars on Mackinac Island in Michigan.

a. may not see b. may not seen c. might not seen d. may not have seen

11.The store will ____ at nine o’clock.

a. be opened b. opens c. open d. be opening

12.Potatoes have to _____ in oil.

a. be cooking b. be cooked c. cooked d. cooks

13.Somebody ________ my camera.

a. steal b. be stealing c. is stolen d. stole

14.This room is dirty. It needs to ______.